a, ĐK: \(x\le-1,x\ge3\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2x-3\right)+\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}+3\right).\left(\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{x^2-2x-3}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-3=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\pm\sqrt{5}\left(tm\right)\)

b, ĐK: \(-2\le x\le2\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=10-3x-4\sqrt{4-x^2}\)

Khi đó phương trình tương đương:

\(3t-t^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=0\\\sqrt{2+x}-2\sqrt{2-x}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2+x=8-4x\\2+x=17-4x+12\sqrt{2-x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{5}\left(tm\right)\\5x-15=12\sqrt{2-x}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vì \(-2\le x\le2\Rightarrow5x-15< 0\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm

Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{6}{5}\)

c, ĐK: \(0\le x\le9\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{9x-x^2}=t\left(0\le t\le\dfrac{9}{2}\right)\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow9+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}=-x^2+9x+m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(-x^2+9x\right)+2\sqrt{9x-x^2}+9=m\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t+9=m\)

Khi \(m=9,pt\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}9x-x^2=0\\9x-x^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=9\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{9\pm\sqrt{65}}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm khi phương trình \(m=f\left(t\right)=-t^2+2t+9\) có nghiệm

\(\Leftrightarrow minf\left(t\right)\le m\le maxf\left(t\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{9}{4}\le m\le10\)

Đặt \(-x^2+2x=t\Rightarrow0\le t\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow-t^2+t-3+m=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-t+3=m\)

Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=t^2-t+3\) trên \(\left[0;1\right]\)

\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\in\left[0;1\right]\)

\(f\left(0\right)=3\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=3\) ; \(f\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{11}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{11}{4}\le f\left(t\right)\le3\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Pt có nghiệm khi và chỉ khi \(\dfrac{11}{4}\le m\le3\)

Đặt \(t=x^2\left(t\ge0\right)\)

pttt:\(t^2-mt+m+3=0\)   (*)

Để pt ban đầu có 4 nghiệm pb <=> pt (*) có hai nghiệm t dương

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta>0\\S>0\\P>0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2-4m-12>0\\m>0\\m+3>0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow m>6\)          (1)

Hai nghiệm nhỏ nhất của phương trình ban đầu có dạng \(-\sqrt{t_1},-\sqrt{t_2}\)

Có \(-\sqrt{t_1}-\sqrt{t_2}< -3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t_1+t_2+2\sqrt{t_1t_2}>9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m+2\sqrt{m+3}>9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{m+3}>9-m\)

TH1: \(9-m< 0\Leftrightarrow m>9\)           (2)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9-m\ge0\\4\left(m+3\right)>81-18m+m^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m\le9\\m\in\left(11-2\sqrt{13};11+2\sqrt{13}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m\in\left[11-2\sqrt{13};9\right]\backslash\left\{11-2\sqrt{13}\right\}\)             (3)

Từ (1) (2) (3) => m>6 
Ý B

a) \(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{4x-4}-\sqrt{25x-25}+2=0\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\)) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{4\left(x-1\right)}-\sqrt{25\left(x-1\right)}+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{x-1}-5\sqrt{x-1}+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x-1}=-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=\dfrac{2}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)

b) \(\sqrt{16x+16}-\sqrt{9x+9}+\sqrt{4x+4}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\) (ĐK: \(x\ge-1\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{16\left(x+1\right)}-\sqrt{9\left(x+1\right)}+\sqrt{4\left(x+1\right)}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}-3\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=15\left(tm\right)\)